ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ "ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ": ⵎⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵊⵎ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⴷ ⴽⵢⵢ)

ⴽⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵎⵎⴰⵖ ⵖⴼ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ, ⵏⵎⵎⴰⵖ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ, ⵖⴼ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ. ⵜⵉⵔⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ, ⵢⴰⵀ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⴳ ⵏⵖⴰⵍ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⵣⴰ (ⴷ ⴱⴰⵕⴰⴽⴰ).

ⵀⴰ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵉⵎⵔⴰⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰ ⵖⴼ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵏⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵅⵙⵙⵓⵢ.

1. ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵕⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ

ⵥⵕ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵕⵍⴰⵏⴷⵜ (ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵢⵍⴳⵜ). ⵜⴳⴰ "ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ" ⵏ ⵉⵕⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ 100 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ. ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴼⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵉⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵢⵓⵔⵓⵜⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ.

ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ? ⵖⴰⵙ 1.5% ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵕⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ (ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ).

ⵎⴰⵅ? ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ "ⵉⵎⵔⵙⵉ ⴰⵏⵎⵍⴰⵏ", ⵓⵔ ⴷ "ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ". ⵎⵓⵔⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵊⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵙ.

2. "ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ" ⴳ ⵎⵓⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛ

ⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵖ. ⵏⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵜ 12 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ. ⵏⵙⵙⵣⵔⵉ ⵉⵔⵉⵔⵎⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵣⴰ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⵖⵉ ⴽⵉⵖ ⵏⴼⴼⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ? ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⵜ.

ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵣⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴽ. ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ. ⵉⴳ ⵏⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏⵇⵇⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵏⵖ ⵜⵙⵙⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵛⵉⵔⵔⴰⵏ, ⵏⴷⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ. ⵜⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ "ⴰⵙⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ", ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

3. ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⵙⴽⵜ (ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔⵜ)

ⵉⴳ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰⵏⵥⴰ ⵎⴰ ⵖⴼ ⴷ ⵏⴽⴽⵯⵏⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⵉⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ, ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵙⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵚⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏ.

ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 1960, ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⴳⴷⴰⵍ. ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙ ⵀⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵏⵏⴰⵍ; ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵉⵍⵜ, ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏⵜ.

ⵎⴰⴷ ⵣⴰ ⵙⴽⵔⵏ? ⵓⵔ ⵇⵇⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ. ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵜⵍⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵓ: "ⵔⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴳⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏⵏⵖ, ⵓⵔ ⵏⴻⵏⵏⵣⴳⵎ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⵉⵙ".

ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵓⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⴽⴽⵯⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ.

ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵡ: ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⴷ ⵡⴰⵏ ⵉⵕⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵇⵇⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ. ⴳⴳ ⵡⴰⵏ ⵉⴱⴰⵚⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⵉⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏ.

4. ⵙⴱⴷⴷ "ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵙⵏ" ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵣⴰ

ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴹⵚⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵯⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏⵏⵖ: ⴰⵏⵏⵖⵣⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵥⵉⵍⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⵖⵓⵔⵜ".

ⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵍ? ⵙ ⵢⵉⴳⵉⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⵯⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ: "ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵃⵓⴹⵉⴳ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⵉⵡⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ".

ⴳⴳ ⴰⵏⵥⴰ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵏⵣ: ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ. ⵎⵍ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵎⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ.

ⵙⵙⵓⵛⵛ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵡⴰⵔⵉⵣⵎⵉⵏ: ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⴷ ⵖⴼ "ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ", ⴷⴰ ⵜⵔⵏⵏⵓⴷ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⵉⴳ ⵏⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ, ⵜⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵖ.

ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵡⵍⵜ

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵏⵊⵎ ⵉⴼⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ, ⴱⵍⴰ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ, ⴱⵍⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ. ⵜⵏⵊⵎ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵉⴷ ⵎⴰⵜⵏⵖ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏⵜ ⵙⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴷ ⵎⴰⵜⵏⵖ, ⵉⴷ ⵎⴰⵜⵏⵖ ⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵜⵜ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ.

ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⴽⵓⴷⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵙ ⵜⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⵜ ⴰⴳⴷ ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ", ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵎⵎⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ. ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ.

ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⵔⴷ:

ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵜ. ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵓⵏⴼⵓⵙ. ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵊⵊⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵔⵓ ⴽⵓⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴼⵍⴷ ⴰⵙⵓⵏⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵅⵙⵉ.